Alpha Synuclein A90C Mutant Monomers

Name: Alpha Synuclein A90C Mutant Monomers
SKU: SPR-478
Availability: InStock

Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein A90C Mutant Monomers

Catalog No. SPR-478

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Expression System	E. coli
Tags	No tag

SKU: SPR-478 Category: Proteins

Coomassie stain of Alpha Synuclein A90C Monomers (SPR-478)

Fibril formation of Alpha Synuclein A90C Monomers (SPR-478)

AFM of Alpha Synuclein A90C Monomers (SPR-478)

Seeding Activity of Alpha Synuclein A90C Monomers (SPR-478)

Product Name Alpha Synuclein A90C Mutant Monomers

Description

Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein A90C Mutant Monomers

Applications WB, SDS PAGE, In vitro Assay, Conjugation, FRET

Concentration 2 mg/mL

Conjugates

No tag

Dylight 488

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High photostability
Less pH-sensitive
Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
Stringently QC tested
Molecular weight: 1011 g/mol

Dylight 488 Datasheet

Dylight 488 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 493 nm

λ_em = 518 nm

ε_max = 7.0×10⁴

Laser = 488 nm

APC/Cy7

Overview:

High quantum yield
Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
Stringently QC tested

APC-Cy7 Datasheet

ACP-Cy7 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 652 nm

λ_em = 790 nm

Laser = 594 or 633 nm

Dylight 350

Overview:

High fluorescence intensity
High photostability
Less pH-sensitive
Excellent solubility in water
Stringently QC tested
Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
Molecular weight: 874 g/mol

Dylight 350 Datasheet

Dylight 350 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 353 nm

λ_em = 432 nm

ε_max = 1.5×10⁴

Dylight 405

Overview:

High fluorescence intensity
High photostability
Less pH-sensitive
Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
Stringently QC tested
Molecular weight: 793 g/mol

Dylight 405 Datasheet

Dylight 405 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 400 nm

λ_em = 420 nm

ε_max = 3.0×10⁴

Laser = 405 nm

Dylight 594

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High photostability
Less pH-sensitive
Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
Stringently QC tested
Molecular weight: 1078 g/mol

Dylight 594 Datasheet

Dylight 594 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 593 nm

λ_em = 618 nm

ε_max = 8.0×10⁴

Laser = 526 nm

Dylight 633

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High photostability
Less pH-sensitive
Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility
Stringently QC tested
Molecular weight: 1066 g/mol

Dylight 633 Datasheet

Dylight 633 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 638 nm

λ_em = 658 nm

ε_max = 1.7×10⁵

Laser = 633 nm

PerCP

Overview:

Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein Complex
Small phycobiliprotein
Isolated from red algae
Large stokes shift (195 nm)
Molecular Weight: 35 kDa

PerCP Datasheet

PerCP Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 482 nm

λ_em = 677 nm

ε_max = 1.96 x 10⁶

Laser = 488 nm

PE/ATTO 594

PE/ATTO 594 is a tandem conjugate, where PE is excited at 535 nm and transfers energy to ATTO 594 via FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer), which emits at 627 nm.

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High photostability
Very hydrophilic
Excellent solubility in water
Very little aggregation

PE/ATTO 594 Datasheet

PE-ATTO 594 Fluorophore Conjugate Excitation and Emission Spectra

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 535 nm

λ_em = 627 nm

Laser = 488 to 561 nm

FITC (Fluorescein)

Overview:

Excellent fluorescence quantum yield
High rate of photobleaching
Good solubility in water
Broad emission spectrum
pH dependent spectra
Molecular formula: C₂₀H₁₂O₅
Molar mass: 332.3 g/mol

FITC-Fluorescent-conjugate

FITC Fluorescein Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 494 nm

λ_em = 520 nm

ε_max = 7.3×10⁴

Φ_f = 0.92

τ_fl = 5.0 ns

Brightness = 67.2

Laser = 488 nm

Filter set = FITC

ATTO 700

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
Excellent thermal and photostability
Quenched by electron donors
Very hydrophilic
Good solubility in polar solvents
Zwitterionic dye
Molar Mass: 575 g/mol

ATTO 700 Datasheet

ATTO 700 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 700 nm

λ_em = 719 nm

ε_max = 1.25×10⁵

Φ_f = 0.25

τ_fl = 1.6 ns

Brightness = 31.3

Laser = 676 nm

Filter set = Cy®5.5

ATTO 680

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
Excellent thermal and photostability
Quenched by electron donors
Very hydrophilic
Good solubility in polar solvents
Zwitterionic dye
Molar Mass: 631 g/mol

ATTO 680 Datasheet

ATTO 680 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 680 nm

λ_em = 700 nm

ε_max = 1.25×10⁵

Φ_f = 0.30

τ_fl = 1.7 ns

Brightness = 37.5

Laser = 633 – 676 nm

Filter set = Cy®5.5

ATTO 655

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High thermal and photostability
Excellent ozone resistance
Quenched by electron donors
Very hydrophilic
Good solubility in polar solvents
Zwitterionic dye
Molar Mass: 634 g/mol

ATTO 655 Datasheet

ATTO 655 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 663 nm

λ_em = 684 nm

ε_max = 1.25×10⁵

Φ_f = 0.30

τ_fl = 1.8 ns

Brightness = 37.5

Laser = 633 – 647 nm

Filter set = Cy®5

ATTO 633

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High thermal and photostability
Moderately hydrophilic
Good solubility in polar solvents
Stable at pH 4 – 11
Cationic dye, perchlorate salt
Molar Mass: 652.2 g/mol

ATTO 633 Datasheet

ATTO 633 Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 629 nm

λ_em = 657 nm

ε_max = 1.3×10⁵

Φ_f = 0.64

τ_fl = 3.2 ns

Brightness = 83.2

Laser = 633 nm

Filter set = Cy®5

ATTO 594

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High photostability
Very hydrophilic
Excellent solubility in water
Very little aggregation
New dye with net charge of -1
Molar Mass: 1137 g/mol

ATTO 594 Datasheet

ATTO 594 Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 601 nm

λ_em = 627 nm

ε_max = 1.2×10⁵

Φ_f = 0.85

τ_fl = 3.5 ns

Brightness = 102

Laser = 594 nm

Filter set = Texas Red®

ATTO 565

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High thermal and photostability
Good solubility in polar solvents
Excellent solubility in water
Very little aggregation
Rhodamine dye derivative
Molar Mass: 611 g/mol

ATTO 565 Datasheet

ATTO 565 Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 563 nm

λ_em = 592 nm

ε_max = 1.2×10⁵

Φ_f = 0.9

τ_fl = 3.4 n

Brightness = 10

Laser = 532 nm

Filter set = TRITC

ATTO 488

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
High photostability
Very hydrophilic
Excellent solubility in water
Very little aggregation
New dye with net charge of -1
Molar Mass: 804 g/mol

ATTO 488 Datasheet

ATTO 488 Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 501 nm

λ_em = 523 nm

ε_max = 9.0×10⁴

Φ_f = 0.80

τ_fl = 4.1 ns

Brightness = 72

Laser = 488 nm

Filter set = FITC

ATTO 390

Overview:

High fluorescence yield
Large Stokes-shift (89 nm)
Good photostability
Moderately hydrophilic
Good solubility in polar solvents
Coumarin derivate, uncharged
Low molar mass: 343.42 g/mol

ATTO 390 Datasheet

ATTO 390 Fluorescent Dye Excitation and Emission Spectra

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 390 nm

λ_em = 479 nm

ε_max = 2.4×10⁴

Φ_f = 0.90

τ_fl = 5.0 ns

Brightness = 21.6

Laser = 365 or 405 nm

APC (Allophycocyanin)

Overview:

High quantum yield
Large phycobiliprotein
6 chromophores per molecule
Isolated from red algae
Molecular Weight: 105 kDa

APC Datasheet

APC Fluorophore Absorption and Emission Spectrum

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 650 nm

λ_em = 660 nm

ε_max = 7.0×10⁵

Φ_f = 0.68

Brightness = 476

Laser = 594 or 633 nm

Filter set = Cy®5

Streptavidin

Properties:

Homo-tetrameric protein purified from Streptomyces avidinii which binds four biotin molecules with extremely high affinity
Molecular weight: 53 kDa
Formula: C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₃S
Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA

Streptavidin Datasheet

Biotin

Properties:

Binds tetrameric avidin proteins including Streptavidin and neuravidin with very high affinity
Molar mass: 244.31 g/mol
Formula: C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₃S
Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA

Biotin Datasheet

HRP (Horseradish peroxidase)

Properties:

Enzymatic activity is used to amplify weak signals and increase visibility of a target
Readily combines with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to form HRP-H₂O₂ complex which can oxidize various hydrogen donors
Catalyzes the conversion of:
- Chromogenic substrates (e.g. TMB, DAB, ABTS) into coloured products
- Chemiluminescent substrates (e.g. luminol and isoluminol) into light emitting products via enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL)
- Fluorogenic substrates (e.g. tyramine, homovanillic acid, and 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid) into fluorescent products
High turnover rate enables rapid generation of a strong signal
44 kDa glycoprotein
Extinction coefficient: 100 (403 nm)
Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA

HRP Datasheet

AP (Alkaline Phosphatase)

Properties:

Broad enzymatic activity for phosphate esters of alcohols, amines, pyrophosphate, and phenols
Commonly used to dephosphorylate the 5’-termini of DNA and RNA to prevent self-ligation
Catalyzes the conversion of:
- Chromogenic substrates (e.g. pNPP, naphthol AS-TR phosphate, BCIP) into coloured products
- Fluorogenic substrates (e.g. 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate) into fluorescent products
Molecular weight: 140 kDa
Applications: Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA

AP Datasheet

R-PE (R-Phycoerythrin)

Overview:

Broad excitation spectrum
High quantum yield
Photostable
Member of the phycobiliprotein family
Isolated from red algae
Excellent solubility in water
Molecular Weight: 250 kDa

R-PE Datasheet

R-PE Fluorophore Excitation and Emission Spectra

Optical Properties:

λ_ex = 565 nm

λ_em = 575 nm

ε_max = 2.0×10⁶

Φ_f = 0.84

Brightness = 1.68 x 10³

Laser = 488 to 561 nm

Filter set = TRITC

Nature Recombinant

Species Human

Expression System E. coli

Amino Acid Sequence MDVFMKGLSKAKEGVVAAAEKTKQGVAEAAGKTKEGVLYVGSKTKEGVVHGVATVAEKTKEQVTNVGGAVVTGVTAVAQKTVEGAGSIACATGFVKKDQLGKNEEGAPQEGILEDMPVDPDNEAYEMPSEEGYQDYEPEA

Purity >95%

Other Resources

Protein Length Full length (1 - 140 aa)

Protein Size 14.49 kDa

Field of Use Not for use in humans. Not for use in diagnostics or therapeutics. For in vitro research use only.

Properties

Storage Buffer	20mM Hepes pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 1mM TCEP pH 7.0
Storage Temperature	-80ºC
Shipping Temperature	Dry Ice. Shipping note: Product will be shipped separately from other products purchased in the same order.
Purification	Ion-exchange Purified
Cite This Product	Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein A90C Mutant Monomers (StressMarq Biosciences Inc., Victoria BC CANADA, Catalog # SPR-478)
Certificate of Analysis	Protein certified >95% pure on SDS-PAGE & Nanodrop analysis
Other Relevant Information	TCEP present to prevent disulfide bonds. Maleimide coupling reactions can be performed efficiently in the presence of TCEP.

Biological Description

Alternative Names	SNCA, alpha-synuclein, synuclein, Alpha synuclein monomer, Alpha-synuclein monomer, Alpha synuclein protein monomer, Alpha synuclein monomer, Alpha-synuclein protein, SNCA protein
Research Areas	Alzheimer's Disease, Neurodegeneration, Neuroscience, Parkinson's Disease, Synuclein, Tangles & Tau, Multiple System Atrophy
Swiss Prot	P37840-1 (wildtype)
Scientific Background	Thioflavin-T (ThT) fluorescence remains a common measurement of alpha-synuclein fibril formation, yet ThT exhibits poor affinity for oligomers and early aggregates. The alpha-synuclein A90C mutant monomers can be specifically labelled with alternative fluorophores (such as Alexa 488/Alexa 647) via maleimide chemistry to enable more sensitive FRET analysis of aggregation. The A90C mutant showed no perturbation of monomer structure and Alexa Fluor dye attachment to cysteine 90 was demonstrated to have no effect on the kinetics of fibril formation (1-3). Residue 90 is at the periphery of the NAC region, a key constituent of the alpha-synuclein β-sheet fibril core, which results in fluorophores on different monomers coming into close proximity upon formation of β-sheet structure during aggregation (4). Note - to prevent the potential mis-translation of alpha-synuclein Y136 as C136 during E.coli expression, the Y136-TAT construct was used (5).
References	1.Thirunavukkuarasu, et al. 2008. Multiparametric Flurorescence Detection of Early Stages in the Amylord Protein Aggregation of Pyrene-labeled α-Synuclein. J. Mol. Biol. 378(5): 1064-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2008.03.034 2.Cremades, et al. 2012. Direct Observation of the Interconversion of Normal and Toxic Forms of α-Synuclein. Cell. 149(5): 1048-59. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.037 3.Horrocks et al. 2015. Fast Flow Microfluidics and Single-Molecule Fluorescence for the Rapid Characterization of α-Synuclein Oligomers. Anal. Chem. 87(17): 8818-26. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01811 4.Iljina et al. 2016. Kinetic model of the aggregation of alpha-synuclein provides insights into prion-like spreading. PNAS. 113(19): E1206-15. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1524128113 5.Masuda, et al. 2006. Cysteine misincorporation in bacterially expressed human alpha-synuclein. FEBS Lett. 580(7): 1775-9. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.02.032

Product Images

<p>Co-aggregation of AF594 and AF488-labelled A90C alpha-synuclein monomers. Half of monomers were labelled with AF594 and half with AF488, and then allowed to aggregate prior to imaging using (A) total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) at the two excitation and emission maxima and (B) single-molecule confocal FRET detection of two oligomer types at Ex488 and Em594. In depth method and oligomer details were previously described by Horrocks et al. in 2015 (https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01811).</p>

Co-aggregation of AF594 and AF488-labelled A90C alpha-synuclein monomers. Half of monomers were labelled with AF594 and half with AF488, and then allowed to aggregate prior to imaging using (A) total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) at the two excitation and emission maxima and (B) single-molecule confocal FRET detection of two oligomer types at Ex488 and Em594. In depth method and oligomer details were previously described by Horrocks et al. in 2015 (https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01811).

<p>Coomassie stain SDS gel analysis of E coli expressed human alpha synuclein A90C monomer showing the protein purity. Lane 1: Biorad All Blue Standards (3uL), Lane 2: E coli expressed human alpha synuclein A90C monomer (2ug), lane 3: E coli expressed human alpha synuclein A90C monomer (4ug).</p>

Coomassie stain SDS gel analysis of E coli expressed human alpha synuclein A90C monomer showing the protein purity. Lane 1: Biorad All Blue Standards (3uL), Lane 2: E coli expressed human alpha synuclein A90C monomer (2ug), lane 3: E coli expressed human alpha synuclein A90C monomer (4ug).

<p>Fibril formation human alpha synuclein A90C mutant measured by ThT in vitro. Human alpha synuclein A90C monomers form ThT-positive fibrils over the course of 7 days when shaken at 1000 rpm at 37oC.</p>

Fibril formation human alpha synuclein A90C mutant measured by ThT in vitro. Human alpha synuclein A90C monomers form ThT-positive fibrils over the course of 7 days when shaken at 1000 rpm at 37oC.

<p>Representative AFM images of fibrilized alpha-synuclein A90C (non-conjugated). Samples were diluted to 0.25 mg/mL in dH2O, mounted on freshly cleaved mica, washed, dried and analyzed with tapping mode. Image is 10 x 10 µm x-y with a z-range of 30 nm. Scale bar = 2µm.</p>

Representative AFM images of fibrilized alpha-synuclein A90C (non-conjugated). Samples were diluted to 0.25 mg/mL in dH2O, mounted on freshly cleaved mica, washed, dried and analyzed with tapping mode. Image is 10 x 10 µm x-y with a z-range of 30 nm. Scale bar = 2µm.

<p>Seeding activity of human alpha synuclein A90C mutant measured by ThT in vitro. Human alpha synuclein A90C monomers are rapidly seeded by wild-type (type 1) alpha synuclein pre-formed fibrils to a similar extent as wild-type monomers.</p>

Seeding activity of human alpha synuclein A90C mutant measured by ThT in vitro. Human alpha synuclein A90C monomers are rapidly seeded by wild-type (type 1) alpha synuclein pre-formed fibrils to a similar extent as wild-type monomers.

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