What are Scaffold Proteins?

Scaffold proteins are the regulators of many key signaling pathways, and do so by functionally interacting and/or binding with multiple members of a signaling pathway, tethering them into complexes. The name scaffold implies the formation of a stable complex, reinforced by their highly specific localization. Recent research suggests that in fact, these complexes can be quite dynamic. In signaling pathways, scaffolds regulate signal transduction and help localize pathway components to specific areas of the cell such as the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, the nucleus, the Golgi, endosomes and the mitochondria. The four main ways they do this are by: tethering signaling components, localizing these components to specific areas of the cell, regulating signal transduction by coordinating positive and negative feedback signals, and insulating correct signaling proteins from competing proteins.

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