Alpha Synuclein

StressMarq Biosciences has developed an extensive range of fibrillar, oligomeric and monomeric protein preparations for use in neurodegenerative disease research including alpha synucleinbeta synucleingamma synucleintauamyloid betaSOD1 and TTR. Our goal is to be the world leader in the development and supply of active, pathology-inducing protein aggregates to assist scientists with disease model development and accelerate neurodegenerative disease drug discovery.

Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs), Oligomers, & Monomers

Alpha synuclein is a highly soluble, small protein without intrinsic structure, abundantly present in the brain, primarily in presynaptic terminals of neurons. It is involved in synaptic vesicle release for signaling, including dopamine, which is important for movement.  Alpha synuclein has been shown to aggregate into various oligomeric and fibrillary forms and soluble, misfolded alpha synuclein aggregates are neurotoxic and can spread disease in a prion-like fashion. “Synucleinopathies” are a group of neurodegenerative diseases that includes Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), which are all caused by misfolded alpha synuclein. Indeed, alpha synuclein aggregation is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease and different forms of the protein can be used to develop disease models that reproduce the pathological features of this disorder.

StressMarq offers a wide variety of monomeric, oligomeric and fibrillar alpha synuclein constructs for neurodegenerative disease research. These preparations have different characteristics and properties. Watch our video to learn how our alpha synuclein products can assist scientists to develop disease models and test drug candidates.

 

 

Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs)

StressMarq’s alpha synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) seed the formation of new fibrils from active alpha synuclein monomers, and can be used to induce endogenous alpha synuclein phosphorylation and subsequent Lewy body inclusion formation in neuronal cell culture or for in vitro oligomerization studies.


Product List | PFFs

Human Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1), catalog# SPR-322
Human Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1, ATTO 594 conjugated), catalog# SPR-322-A594
Mouse Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1), catalog# SPR-324
Human Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 2), catalog# SPR-317
Human Alpha Synuclein A53T Mutant Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1), catalog# SPR-326
Human Alpha Synuclein E114C Mutant Pre-formed Fibrils (ATTO 488 conjugated), catalog# SPR-518-A488 New!
Human Alpha Synuclein S87N Mutant Pre-formed Fibrils, catalog# SPR-500 New!
Human Alpha Synuclein S129A Mutant Pre-formed Fibrils, catalog# SPR-506 New!
Human Alpha Synuclein TNG (A53T, S87N, N103G) Mutant Pre-formed Fibrils, catalog# SPR-504 New!
Human Alpha Synuclein N-Terminal Acetylated Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1), catalog# SPR-332
Human Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils: Biotinylated (C-Terminus), catalog# SPR-508 New!
Human Alpha Synuclein pSer129 Pre-formed Fibrils , catalog# SPR-521 New!
Rat Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils, catalog# SPR-482
Human Alpha Synuclein Filaments (Immature Fibrils), catalog# SPR-450

Alpha Synuclein & Tau Co-Polymer Fibrils (Mixed Fibrils/PFFs)

StressMarq’s co-polymer fibrils are developed by co-incubating monomers together to form fibrils that contain both tau and alpha synuclein proteins within a single fibril. These co-polymer fibrils have been demonstrated to seed fibril formation of both alpha synuclein monomers and of a mixture of alpha synuclein and tau monomers.


Product List | Co-Polymer Fibrils

Human Tau-352 (fetal 0N3R) & Human Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils, catalog# SPR-494
Human Tau-441 (2N4R) & Human Alpha Synuclein Co-Polymer Fibrils, catalog# SPR-495

Alpha Synuclein Oligomers 

Alpha synuclein oligomers are increasingly thought to be the toxic species in synucleinopathies. StressMarq’s kinetically stable alpha synuclein oligomers are toxic to dopaminergic neurons and induce phosphorylation of alpha synuclein Ser129 (a pathology associated with Parkinson’s disease), and are generated without the addition of any inducers or inhibitors.  StressMarq also offers dopamine-stabilized alpha synuclein oligomers and EGCG-stabilized alpha synuclein oligomers. Dopamine and EGCG can be used to stabilize alpha synuclein in its oligomeric forms, preventing further aggregation into fibrils.


Product List | Oligomers

Human Alpha Synuclein Oligomers (Kinetically Stable), catalog# SPR-484
Human Alpha Synuclein Oligomers (Dopamine HCl stabilized), catalog# SPR-466
Human Alpha Synuclein Oligomers (EGCG stabilized), catalog# SPR-469

Alpha Synuclein Monomers 

StressMarq’s alpha synuclein monomers are capable of aggregation. They do not show neurodegenerative activity.


Product List | Monomers

Human Alpha Synuclein Monomers (Type 1), catalog# SPR-321
Human Alpha Synuclein Monomers (Type 2), catalog# SPR-316
Mouse Alpha Synuclein Monomers (Type 1), catalog# SPR-323
Human Alpha Synuclein A53T Mutant Monomers (Type 1), catalog# SPR-325
Human Alpha Synuclein A90C Mutant Monomers catalog# SPR-478 New!
Human Alpha Synuclein E114C Mutant Monomers (ATTO 488 conjugated), catalog# SPR-517-A488 New!
Human Alpha Synuclein S87N Mutant Monomers, catalog# SPR-499 New!
Human Alpha Synuclein S129A Mutant Monomers, catalog# SPR-505 New!
Human Alpha Synuclein TNG (A53T, S87N, N103G) Mutant Monomers, catalog# SPR-503 New!
Human Alpha Synuclein N-Terminal Acetylated Monomers (Type 1), catalog# SPR-331
Human Alpha Synuclein Monomers: Biotinylated (C-Terminus), catalog# SPR-507 New!
Human Alpha Synuclein pSer129 Monomers , catalog# SPR-520 New!
Rat Alpha Synuclein Monomers, catalog# SPR-481

Selected Scientific & Product Information


3D Whole-Brain Imaging of Alpha Synuclein Aggregation Following Pre-formed Fibril (PFF) Injection

In collaboration with Gubra, StressMarq’s Alpha Synuclein PFFs (catalog#SPR-324) were injected into a mouse brain to generate a 3D whole-brain light sheet fluorescence imaging model, depicting alpha synuclein pSer129+ aggregation (shown in magenta) 4 weeks post -injection.

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Cell-to-Cell Transmission of Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs)

StressMarq’s Alpha Synuclein PFFs catalog#SPR-322 (below in red), were shown to be taken up by SH-SY5Y cells and transmitted to neuronal iPSCs within 14 days.

Blue: Hoechst/DNA | Green: SHSY5Y-GFP | Red: StressMarq’s α-syn PFFs-555 | Purple: Tubulin


Secondary Structure of Alpha Synuclein Monomers, Oligomers and Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs)

Oligomers & Fibrils. UV-CD data suggests that StressMarq’s alpha synuclein oligomers have distinct secondary structure differences compared to our monomers and fibrils. More specifically, our Kinetically Stable Alpha Synuclein Oligomers (cat#SPR-484) show a significantly higher alpha helix content and lower beta sheet/turn content than our Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1) (cat#SPR-322). Alpha Synuclein Monomers (cat#SPR-316) show a strong negative signal at 200 nm, indicative of a disordered protein state (low secondary structure content).

Αlpha Synuclein Oligomers Have Distinct Secondary Structure Differences Compared to Fibrils.

Αlpha Synuclein Oligomers Have Distinct Secondary Structure Differences Compared to Fibrils.

 

Type 1 & Type 2 Pre-formed Fibrils. UV-CD data suggests StressMarq’s Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs), Type 1 (cat#SPR-322) and Type 2 (cat#SPR-317) both have a high beta sheet/turn content, yet do have small secondary structure differences. Alpha Synuclein Monomers (cat#SPR-316) show a strong negative signal at 200 nm indicative of a disordered protein state (low secondary structure content). For this experiment, pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) were subjected to 10 cycles of sonication prior to UV-CD to ensure solubility prior to measurement.

Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (PFF), Type 1 (cat#SPR-322) and Type 2 (cat#SPR-317) have small secondary structure differences.

Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs), Type 1 (cat#SPR-322) and Type 2 (cat#SPR-317) have small secondary structure differences.


Kinetically Stable Alpha Synuclein Oligomers Induce Toxicity & Pathology

Kinetically Stable Alpha Synuclein Oligomers (catalog#SPR-484) are toxic to dopaminergic neurons and induce phosphorylation of alpha synuclein Ser129, a pathology associated with Parkinson’s disease.  They are stable after a freeze-thaw cycle and when incubated at 37 degrees celsius for 2 weeks.

IHC of Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein Oligomers (Kinetically Stable) (SPR-484)

Parkinson’s-associated pSer129 pathology induced in rat primary dopaminergic cells by kinetically stable alpha synuclein oligomers (cat#SPR-484).

Toxicity of Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein Oligomers (Kinetically Stable) (SPR-484).

Kinetically stable alpha synuclein oligomers (cat#SPR-484) show toxicity to rat primary dopaminergic neurons.

Native PAGE of Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein Oligomers (Kinetically Stable) (SPR-484).

Kinetically stable alpha synuclein oligomers (cat#SPR-484) are stable after a freeze-thaw cycle and when incubated at 37 oC for 2 weeks.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Product Citations

StressMarq’s proteins for neurodegenerative disease research have been cited in many peer-reviewed scientific journals. Below is a list of the most recent product citations for our alpha synuclein proteins. A complete list of citations for alpha synuclein proteins can be seen here.

Most Recent Alpha Synuclein Citations

  • A brain-shuttled antibody targeting alpha synuclein aggregates for the treatment of synucleinopathies. An, S. et al. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2024.
  • Alpha-synuclein misfolding as a fluid biomarker for Parkinson’s diseae and synucleinopathies measured with the iRS platform. Schuler, M. et almedRXiv [Preprint]. 2024.
  • PDCD4 triggers α-synuclein accumulation and motor deficits via co-suppressing TFE3 and TFEB translation in a model of Parkinson’s disease. Cao, B. et al. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2024.
    • Catalog# SPR-324: Mouse Recombinant Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1)

Supplemental Learning Materials

Technical Support Resources

Selected Media from the StressMarq YouTube Channel

Selected Articles from the StressMarq Blog 


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